Abstract
Recovery of wetland function is the primary goal of wetland creation. This study was undertaken to quantify denitrification and soil characteristics of wetlands created after lignite mine reclamation in east Texas, USA. Surface-soil denitrification rate and capacity were quantified using an acetylene (C2H2) inhibition/gas chromatography method in created wetlands of two age classes (4–8 years, and 10 years) on two mine soil types. Soil texture, pH, total-N, ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 −), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total-P, and organic matter (OM) content were determined. Soil characteristics varied by soil type and by age. Denitrification rate ranged from less than 1 to 105 kg N ha−1yr−1, was highly variable, but did not differ among created wetlands. Denitrification rate was similar between natural and created wetlands. Denitrification capacity, denitrification rate when nitrate is in excess, ranged from 23 to 302 kg N ha−1yr−1 and varied by soil type. Denitrification appears to function as well in wetlands created on mine soil as in natural wetlands, but may be limited by soil characteristics.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Ambus, P. and S. Christensen. 1993. Denitrification variability and control in a riparian fen irrigated with agricultural drainage water. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25:915–923.
Aulakh, M. S. and J. W. Doran. 1991. Effectiveness of acetylene inhibition of N2O reduction for measuring denitrification in soils of varying wetness. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 22:11–21.
Baethgen, W. E. and M. M. Alley. 1989. A manual colorimetric procedure for measuring ammonium nitrogen in soil and plant Kjeldhal digests. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 20:961–969.
Bennett, J. E., P. L. Woomer, and R. S. Yost. 1990. MPNES users manual. NifTAL Project and the University of Hawaii. Manoa, HI, USA.
Bremner, J. M. 1996. Nitrogen-total. p. 1085–1121. In R. W. Weaver, J. S. Angle, and P. S. Bottomley (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods-SSSA Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, WI, USA.
Christensen, S., S. Simkins, and J. M. Tiedje. 1990. Spatial variation in denitrification: dependency of activity centers on the soil environment. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54:1608–1613.
Fresquez, P. R. and W. C. Lindemann. 1982. Soil and rhizosphere microorganisms in amended coal mine spoils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46:751–755.
Gale, P. M., I. Devai, J. R. Reddy, and D. A. Graetz. 1993. Denitrification potential of soils from constructed and natural wetlands. Ecological Engineering 2:119–130.
Graetz, D. A., K. R. Reddy, V. D. Nair, and O. G. Olila. 1997. Soils. p. 3-1–3-75. In K. L. Ervin, S. J. Doherty, M. T. Brown, and G. R. Best (eds.) Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands on Phosphate Mined Lands in Florida Volume II. Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartow, FL, USA. Final Report FIPR Project 92-03-103.
Groffman, P. M., G. C. Hanson, E. Kiviat, and G. Stevens. 1996. Variation in microbial biomass and activity in four different wetland types. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60:622–629.
Groffman, P. M. and G. C. Hanson. 1997. Wetland denitrification: influence of site quality and relationships with wetland delineation protocols. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61:323–329.
Groffman, P. M. and J. M. Tiedje. 1989. Denitrification in north temperate forest soils: relationships between denitrification and environmental factors at the landscape scale. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21:621–626.
Groffman, P. M. and J. M. Tiedje. 1991. Relationships between denitrification, CO2 production and air-filled porosity in soils of different texture and drainage. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23: 299–302.
Hanson, G. C., P. M. Groffman, and A. J. Gold. 1994. Denitrification in riparian wetlands receiving high and low groundwater nitrate inputs. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:917–922.
Hons, F. M. 1978. Chemical and physical properties of lignite spoil material and their influence upon successful reclamation. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University. College Station, TX, USA.
Hons, F. M. and L. R. Hossner. 1980. Soil nitrogen in spoil materials generated by the surface mining of lignite coal. Soil Science 129: 222–228.
Keller, S., C. Friese, and J. Robinson. 2000. Denitrifying bacteria: a key functional indicator in wetland restoration. Ecological Restoration 18:54–55.
Kuo, S. 1996. Phosphorus. p. 869–919. In R. W. Weaver, J. S. Angle, and P. S. Bottomley (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods-SSSA Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Li, R. S. and W. L. Daniels. 1994. Nitrogen accumulation and form over time in young mine spoil. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:166–172.
Maag, M., M. Malinovsky, and S. M. Nielsen. 1997. Kinetics and temperature dependence of potential denitrification in riparian soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 26:215–223.
McCarty, G. W. and J. M. Bremner. 1993. Factors affecting the availability of organic carbon for denitrification of nitrate in subsoils. Biology and Fertility of Soils 15:132–136.
Mitsch, W. J. and J. G. Gosselink. 1993. Wetlands, second edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York, NY, USA.
Mott, J. B. and D. A. Zuberer. 1990. Natural recovery of microbial populations in mixed overburden surface-mine spoils in Texas. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation 5:21–34.
Murray, R. E., Y. S. Feig, and J. M. Tiedje. 1995. Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of denitrifying bacteria associated with denitrification activity zones. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61:2791–2793.
Nelson, R. W. 1991. Criteria and procedures to maximize the quality and value of wetlands constructed at surface mines. International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 17:77–90.
Nelson, W. M., A. J. Gold, and P. M. Groffman. 1995. Spatial and temporal variation in groundwater nitrate removal in a riparian forest. Journal of Environmental Quality 24:691–699.
Nelson, D. W. and L. E. Sommers. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, p. 961–1010. In R. W. Weaver, J. S. Angle, and P. S. Bottomley (eds.) Methdos of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods-SSSA Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Parkin, T. B., A. J. Sexstone, and J. M. Tiedje. 1985. Adaptation of denitrifying populations to low soil pH. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49:1053–1056.
Rao, P. V. 1998. Statistical research methods in the life sciences. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
Ryden, J. C., L. J. Lund, and D. D. Focht. 1979. Direct measurement of denitrification loss from soils: I. Laboratory evaluation of acetylene inhibition of nitrous oxide reduction. Soil Science Society of America Journal 43:104–110.
SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT User is Guide, Version 6 Fourth Edition, Volume 2. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
Schipper, L. A., A. B. Cooper, C. G. Harfoot, and W. J. Dyck. 1993. Regulators of denitrification in an organic riparian soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25:925–933.
Schnabel, R. R. and W. L. Stout. 1994. Denitrification loss from two Pennsylvania floodplain soils. Journal of Environmental Quality 23:344–348.
Stewart, W. M. 1996. Factors affecting the ratio of cation exchange capacity to clay content in East Texas lignite overburden. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Sumner, M. E. and W. P. Miller. 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. p. 1201–1229. In R. W. Weaver, J. S. Angle, and P. S. Bottomley (eds.) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods-SSSA Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Thomsen, J. S., T. Geest, and R. P. Cox. 1994. Mass spectrometric studies of the effects of pH on the accumulation of intermediates in denitrification by Paracoccus denitrificans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60:536–541.
Tiedje, J. M. 1982. Denitrification. p. 1011–1026. In A. L. Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney (eds.). Methods of Soils Analysis Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. Agronomy Monograph No. 9. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Tiedje, J. M. 1994. Denitrifiers, p. 245–267. In R. W. Weaver, J. S. Angle, P. S. Bottomley, D. Bezdicek, S. Smith, A. Tabatabai, and A. Wollum (eds.) Methods of Soils Analysis Part 2. Microbiological and Biochemical Properties, Third Edition. SSSA Book Series no. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
Vendrell, P. F. and J. Zupancic. 1990. Determination of soil nitrate by transnitration of salicylic acid. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 21:1705–1713.
Waggoner, P. J. 1993. Microbial hydrolysis of urea and its subsequent nitrification in East Texas lignite mine spoil. M.S. Thesis. Texas A&M University. College Station, TX, USA.
WRP. 1993. Collection of undisturbed bulk wetland sediment samples. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS, USA. WRP Technical Note SD-EV-4.1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Johns, D., Williams, H., Farrish, K. et al. Denitrification and soil characteristics of wetlands created on two mine soils in east Texas, USA. Wetlands 24, 57–67 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0057:DASCOW]2.0.CO;2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2004)024[0057:DASCOW]2.0.CO;2